Med COIN-Bloggen kommenteres løbende på dagsaktuelle emner. Vi vil søge at præge debatten, sådan at de skjulte konsekvenser ved nye former for indgreb, afgifter, skatter, forbud bliver gjort mere synlige.
| Man | Tir | Ons | Tor | Fre | lør | Søn |
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| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Det er altid glædeligt, når man som skribent bliver læst og forstået. Her er hvad Jesper Skovgaard skriver i sit speciale "EN MODENHEDSMODEL FOR VIDENSTYRING" udarbejdet ved IT-Universitet i København 2009:
"Grundlæggende er incitamentsstrukturen [...] anderledes i den offentlige sektor [end i den private], da man ikke i samme grad som i den private sektor er underlagt markedsmekanismerne. I den offentlige sektor eksisterer begrebet entreprenøren ikke, altså det menneske der med egne eller frivillige investorers midler investerer, udvikler og organiserer ud fra en forventning om at blive belønnet af interesserede forbrugere. Den offentlige sektors opbygning er mere formel og ufleksibel hvilket betyder, at organisationsformen har langt mere vanskeligt ved løbende at imødekomme forbrugernes behov, i takt med at de ændrer sig. Dette skyldes blandt andet, at man ikke får tilbagemeldinger om brugertilfredshed i form af salg og markedsandele, så man kan vurdere om det der leveres, har værdi for kunden eller ej."
Han henviser som kilde til COIN-artiklen fra 2007 Den offentlige og den private sektor af undertegnede, som naturligvis blot har forsøgt at formidle Ludwig von Mises indsigter jævnfør HUMAN ACTION - Part Six - The Hampered Market Economy (pdf).
(Forslag til gruppearbejde: Kan Søren Pind overtager entreprenørens rolle i Afrika? Diskutér.)
"Power over nature is the sort of power on which civilization must be built; the record of man’s history is the record of the advance or attempted advance of that power. Power over men, on the other hand, does not raise the general standard of living or promote the satisfactions of all, as does power over nature. By its very essence, only some men in society can wield power over men. Where power over man exists, some must be the powerful, and others must be objects of power. But every man can and does achieve power over nature.
In fact, if we look at the basic condition of man as he enters the world, it is obvious that the only way to preserve his life and advance himself is to conquer nature—to transform the face of the earth to satisfy his wants. From the point of view of all the members of the human race, it is obvious that only such a conquest is productive and life-sustaining. Power of one man over another cannot contribute to the advance of mankind; it can only bring about a society in which plunder has replaced production, hegemony has supplanted contract, violence and conflict have taken the place of the peaceful order and harmony of the market. Power of one man over another is parasitic rather than creative, for it means that the nature conquerors are subjected to the dictation of those who conquer their fellowman instead. Any society of force—whether ruled by criminal bands or by an organized State—fundamentally means the rule of the jungle, or economic chaos. Furthermore, it would be a jungle, a struggle in the sense of the Social Darwinists, in which the survivors would not really be the “fittest,” for the “fitness” of the victors would consist solely in their ability to prey on producers. They would not be the ones best fitted for advancing the human species: these are the producers, the conquerors of nature.
The libertarian doctrine, then, advocates the maximization of man’s power over nature and the eradication of the power of man over man. Statists, in elevating the latter power, often fail to realize that in their system man’s power over nature would wither and become negligible."
Murray Rothbard in Man, Economy and State with Power and Market
http://mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap18b.asp#11B._Power_Over_Nature
Growth is [...] all about production and transformation and not about consumption. Growth is the same as an improved rearrangement of inanimate or animate matter.
More growth is similarly not the equivalent of more consumption, – it is a further rearrangement of what is given in nature. And because humans have common needs, a very sizeable amount of what is made by every productive generation in capitalist society is left over to the next generation, who are thus free to move onwards with new challenges and a fuller and richer life.
The opposite of what [Danish Minister for Climate and Energy] Mrs. Hedegaard claims is happening is in fact happening: We leave more and more of value to the next generation!
By improving our own life through trade and production, we also liberate the next generation as may be seen in the ability to reduce work hours, hard work, time of transportation, obstacles to communication etc. etc., that may be identified during the last two hundred years.
http://s-espersen.blogspot.com/2009/08/danish-minister-for-climate-and-energy.html
Økonomen George Reisman har givet et ganske intelligent bud på, hvordan vi som mennesker bør forholde os til den påvirkning, som er en følge af generel økonomisk aktivitet, og som kan beskrives som ”kollektiv”. Eksempler på sådanne kollektive former for påvirkning kan være lokal luftforurening fra en befærdet vej – eller det kan være den påvirkning, som mennesker kollektivt bidrager til, når det gælder global opvarmning (eller nedkøling). - Omvendt er der altså netop ikke tale om luftforureningen, der kommer fra naboen, der brænder bildæk af, og som naturligvis er at beskrive som individuel, og samtidig påviseligt kommer fra sådan en konkret nabo.)
Det centrale er således at ihukomme, at ingen enkeltstående person – ej heller nogen bestemt virksomhed alene har nogen skyld eller noget ansvar for global opvarmning. Det er kun når man kumulerer adfærden fra eksempelvis udstødning og energiforbrug, at der kan påvises en påvirkning, som man så efterfølgende kan kalde for kollektiv. Det vigtige her er netop derfor, at man ikke kan føre ansvaret tilbage til nogen enkeltstående person – eller nogen enkeltstående virksomhed.
Tilsvarende kan den enkelte bilist ved sin udstødning de to gange han eller hun kører på den befærdede motorvej alene ikke dokumenteres at forårsage nogen påviselig forurening af luften. Det er kun når titusinder passerer forbi i løbet af dagen, at den kumulerede/ophobede mængde af partikler bliver signifikant og mærkbar. Den enkelte bilist er derfor heller ikke ansvarlig for den lokale luftforurening, der findes ved sådan en vej.
Alligevel skal den enkelte bilist efter det kollektivistiske princip ikke alene beskattes for sin adfærd, selv om denne adfærd ikke i sig selv er skadeforvoldende. Man vil endda beskatte adfærden så mærkbart, at skatten/afgiften fører til ændret adfærd for en så stor del af trafikanterne, at man – hvis de grønne fik deres vilje – kunne reducere trafikken markant. Denne kollektive straf af en adfærd, der for den enkelte alligevel ikke kan beskrives som forurening, er derfor udtryk for en urimelig tankegang: - Et individs handling er i sig selv ikke-skadelig (i modsætning til den skade som en nabo kunne forvolde ved direkte forurening af ens grund). Den kumulerede påvirkning har derimod en vis påvirkning. Dette får så kollektivisterne til at anslå en samlet skade, som de så fordeler ud på deres angivelige skades-forvoldere - Men som vi netop har konstateret, så er de enkelte individer ikke ansvarlige hver for sig (Og dermed ikke berettigede til nogen straf i form af skatter og afgifter).
George Reismans svar til kollektivisterne og os andre er både logisk og meningsfuldt. - Svaret handler i alt sin enkelthed om, at ovenstående former for kumuleret/ophobet påvirkning må tackles på nøjagtig samme måde, som man forholder sig til forandringer i naturen; netop eftersom der ikke er tale om individer, der i sig selv forvolder skade. Den kollektivistiske tilgang sniger derimod kollektivismens princip ind i selve problemopstillingen (Den gør individuel adfærd til noget grundlæggende kollektivt). Problemet er i virkeligheden primært individuelt (jf. de steder hvor man bosætter sig), men problemstillingen kan i frivillighed gøres til at fælles anliggende i et fleksibelt omfang, hvis man vælger at gøre det:
For det logiske svar på kumuleret / kollektiv påvirkning af det menneskelige samfund fra menneskelig side bør således tackles på nøjagtig samme måde som vi mennesker har forholdt os til de mange måder, som naturen udfordrer os på: - i kraft af friheden til at handle rationelt, som individer og i frivillige fællesskaber – gennem de mange løsninger som private virksomheder vil kunne tilbyde; og altså netop med den samme frihed og fleksibilitet, som vi har forholdt os til naturens mange udfordringer på.
Det eneste alternativ til Reismans indfaldsvinkel, hvor man forholder sig til kumuleret menneskelig påvirkning på samme måde som man tackler naturens udfordringer, er vel at mærke flere skatter, mere statslig ”kontrol”, - men - som historien med al tydelighed dokumenterer - samtidig ikke bedre forhold for mennesker – og slet ikke et bedre miljø – jf. planøkonomiernes sammenbrud i Øst, og ikke mindst de usunde livsvilkår, som man skabte dér.
Mere om George Reisman i artiklen:
Hvordan vi bør forholde os til menneskelige påvirkninger af klimaet
George Reismans ideer præsenteres i nedenstående foredrag:
Environmental and Resource Economics:
http://mises.org/multimedia/mp3/MU2005/mu05-Reisman4.mp3 - 2005
Although estimates vary, federal geologists think that the U.S. continental shelf may hold 10 billion barrels of oil and 16 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in areas where exploration currently is banned. When these resources come on the market, they’ll do nothing but help the cost of energy, fertilizer, and food. [...] Maybe we really do need to think about this issue in terms of dentistry. As with a bad toothache that won’t go away, we should let the drilling start as soon as possible. - Read more here.
Free-market reforms have not just produced remarkable economic results in a number of countries – they have also led to re-election for reformist governments, says a groundbreaking new book released today by the Institute of Economic Affairs*.
"The Guide to Reform" by Johnny Munkhammar busts several common myths about reform. First of all, almost all reform-embracing governments in OECD countries have been re-elected. It is also untrue that liberalising reforms have socially adverse consequences: on the contrary, incomes and employment have often increased the most amongst low-income groups. Neither is an economic crisis necessary for reform – several countries have reformed in good times.
The experience of countries like Estonia, Spain, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden, Iceland and Ireland provide important lessons for politicians in moribund economies such as France and Italy. The book visits more than a dozen countries and describes what they did and how they did it. This shows that, contrary to common belief, many countries have actually substantially reformed immigration, health care, pensions, taxes and labour markets.
The results from reforms have often exceeded expectations. The book is filled with facts from well established sources about the results as well as the need in all OECD countries to launch further reforms. Employment has risen by more than 50 per cent in Ireland during the past ten years. Average disposable income has increased by 140 per cent in Slovakia during the same period. Australia managed to achieve a rate of entrepreneurship more than twice as high as in the UK – a whole 14 per cent of the adult population take part in entrepreneurial activity. Spain managed to integrate almost 2 million immigrants in the labour market in ten years. Clearly, there are obstacles to reform, but also ways round them – it is a matter of strategy.
In 1948, the United States and 22 other countries concluded a treaty that cut 45,000 separate tariffs. The benefits of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, as it was called, became so obvious that subsequent pacts liberalized trade even further and included a growing number of countries. The Uruguay round, which finished in 1994, involved 123 nations. It also marked the metamorphosis of GATT into the World Trade Organization. Today, the WTO administers trade rules and settles disputes between countries.
Like a lot of 60-year-olds, the international-trading system can look back and smile at its many accomplishments. Since the birth of GATT/WTO, world trade has increased by a factor of 27--an incredible achievement that has built global wealth, expanded consumer choice, and created jobs just about everywhere this side of North Korea.... - Read more in - Celebrating the Gift that Keeps on Giving by Dean Kleckner.
Since European precautionary principle proponents advocate that ‘quality of life’ considerations, moral values, and social and environmental group (communal) concerns should serve a predominant role in international policy-making to address future potential public harms, it is incumbent upon all other nations to question the source of these beliefs. They must demand strict transparency and accountability from those who argue in favor of changing the current ‘risk-based’ global paradigm to a new ‘precautionary principle’ hazard-based paradigm, which dictates the extent to which all societies may use and rely upon science in evaluating potential future public dangers. After all, is it not the advocates of precaution who bear the burden of proving to the world that a paradigm shift focusing primarily on the ‘unknowables’ of life is actually necessary? Mustn’t they prove beyond a preponderance of the evidence that this utopian vision can not result in greater harms to global society than those they are intended to eliminate? And, isn’t it they who must demonstrate that the assumptions underlying these beliefs reflect a reasoned rather than a desperate, pessimistic view of reality? [...]
As in Plato’s utopian republic, European regional policy is crafted by an exceptionally educated class of ‘guardian philosophers’ namely, EU Commissioners, who love the vision of truth. This vision consists both of that which is known to be real and that which is believed/ perceived to be real. These philosophers are selected and overseen by a legislator (the EU Parliament and the Council of Ministers review laws proposed by the Commission). To the extent the guardians carry out the intent of the legislator, their rule will remain unchecked by the other citizens (e.g., the social and environmental non-governmental organizations) whose interests are represented in the Parliament and the Council. In the end, the European public (i.e., the man and woman on the street whose interests are not so represented) must trust that well-intentioned EU Commissioners, prodded by these ideologues, will adequately protect their interests. Notably, the common people and soldiers of Plato’s Republic were likewise obliged not to question their guardian philosophers, who retained the sole political power to pursue ‘justice’ for the social ‘good’ of the community. [...]
Europeans must realize that the precautionary principle will lessen Europe’s future quality of life by slowing down European economic growth, retarding European innovation and reducing the number and types of opportunities that will exist for future generations of Europeans. They must recognize, therefore, before it is too late, that a precautionary principle-based regulatory model runs counter to the vision underlying the Lisbon Strategy of neoliberal economic reform.[...]
In essence, some sort of blurring or unnatural fusion may have occurred between the multitude of values and phobias long submerged within Europe’s collective psyche and the extreme, almost religious utopian ideologies of post-communist European social and environmental groups. This convolution of European fears, ideals and hypothetical realities has manifested itself in the form of the precautionary principle. If its underpinnings indeed manifest a disease (i.e., "Precautionus Principilitis"), its symptoms and diagnosis would be quite telling: a disorder induced by stress and repressed feelings of inferiority and desperation, marked by extreme luddism, incoherent babbling, disorientation, and a shared form of delusion. But what is worse, instead of suffering this disturbance in private, the European regionalists seek to convert the entire world to their disordered understanding of reality. They are driven to do this, as a means of denying the guilt attendant with the sociopathic manner in which they are manipulating the rest of the world, while injecting their own shortcomings into a world system over which they now claim moral superiority.[...]
Read more in Precautionus Principilitis: A Psychosocial Disorder Causing Luddite Psychobabble by Lawrence A. Kogan and Robert Stein.
Profit er et udtryk for at kunderne har en høj efterspørgsel på produkterne. Profitten kan bruges til at udvide produktionen. Profitten kan bruges til at udvikle metoder der effektiviserer produktionen. Profitten kan bruges til at sikre fremtidig produktion. Profitten spiller således den samme rolle for det økonomisk materielle system som moment spiller indenfor mekanikkens verden. Profit er acceleration! Profit er det der får en økonomisk maskine til at snurre hurtigere. Profit er en gaspedal. Når man trykker på pedalen, kører maskinen hurtigere. - Læs mere i Profittens velsignelse af Søren Højbjerg.
Den ny miljøminister Troels Lund Poulsen har kort før sin udnævnelse givet udtryk for, at han var "helt uenig" i, at der skulle indføres flere grønne afgifter. Det fremgår af et spørgeskema, som det Christiansborg-baserede Altinget.dk benyttede op til valgkampen for at lade vælgere finde ud af, hvilken kandidat de var mest enige med. Læs mere i JP-artiklen - Ny miljøminister: Ikke flere grønne afgifter
Flere partier presser desværre på for at hæve energiafgifterne. Det gælder blandt andet Ny Alliance og De Konservative. I Venstre drejer man derimod rundt om sig selv; og fra Dansk Folkepartis side har man talt imod. Læs hvorfor "grønne afgifter" er skadelige her.
Der har således nu været ikke-konsensus om miljøpolitikken i et stykke tid. Det fremgår også af artiklen - Internt brev fra finansministeren afslører uenighed om klimapolitikken, hvor tidligere Finansminister Thor Pedersen tog afstand fra ideerne om, at man fra EU's og FN's side skulle sætte bestemte mål for den globale gennemsnitstemperatur.